The Infectious Nature Of The Disease - 1001 Words

Throughout history there have been many diseases that have baffled medical professionals. The early study of a diseases origin has ensured the survival of mankind against wide spread death and illness. Puerperal, also known as Childbed Fever, is a disease that causes widespread death and infection in women soon after childbirth. (science/puerperal-fever) The infection can affect any part of the female reproductive system. (science/puerperal-fever) Ignaz Semmelweis, a Hungarian physician, discovered that puerperal was an infectious disease that can be controlled by the use of an antisepsis technique. (Merckle) He also discovered that it was infectious and contagious. (science/puerperal-fever) Without the implementation of antisepsis†¦show more content†¦(Control) Countless numbers of women perished before the need for proper handwashing came to light. Ignaz Semmelweis discovered the need for proper handwashing procedures when he began work at a local maternity clinic in Vienna. (Zoltan) Semmelweis made it his mission as a physician to back any inquiries that he made with scientific evidence. (Admin) Many women gave birth at home during this time period, but those who went to local clinics found themselves at risk of contracting this deadly disease. During this period in history, it was still believed that the origin of infectious diseases was caused by miasma, overcrowding, and poor ventilation, Semmelweis dug further to discover the true origin of the disease. (Zoltan) Against his chief’s wishes, Semmelweis conducted a series of experiments to determine if there was a pattern in contraction of the illness. (Zoltan) He studied two sets of patients. The first set of patients that he observed were looked after in a maternity ward that was primarily staffed by male doctors and male medical students. (Davis) The second set of patients were attended to by female midwives only. (Davis) Semmelweis observed that the patients that were being cared for by male staff were contracting the illness at a much higher rate than that of those being cared for by female staff members. (Davis) He observed that the position that the mother gave birth in had no effect on whether or not she contracted the disease in either

Essay on The Effects of Drugs in the US - 926 Words

The Effects of Drugs in the US Drug abuse is one of the most discouraged behaviors in our country. In the United States of America, we, the people value several things, some of which are freedom, expanding and taking care of our families and our financial security. We, the people, take such things for granted. We also discourage some behavior, such as crime, laziness and use of illegal drugs. Use of illegal drugs is harmful to the user and all those with whom the user comes in contact. There are over 40 million illegal drug users in the world today and America is the biggest market for drugs. (Castro 45) There are more drug dealers in this country, than there are dentists. (Wakefield 112) Illegal drug abuse must be stopped; it†¦show more content†¦Often, the alcohol will bring out a violent temper and often, alcoholics abuse, physically and mentally, their friends and family. Drinking makes the drinker feel he is more confident. The drinker thinks he is in control, even if a little high, and he might get behind the wheel of his car and go for a drive. Drunk driving is deadly. Hundreds of thousands of people get killed every year due to drunk driving.(Castro 60) Other physical effects of drinking are vomiting, passing out and sometimes, if enough alcohol is consumed over a long enough period of time, or if mixed with other drugs, death. Marijuana is a popular, and illegal, drug. Its largest consumers are young adults. Marijuana is smoked in a pipe or rolled in a cigarette. Thirty-seven percent of people between ages 12-17 have tried marijuana.(Adams 102) Marijuana gives a slight buzzing feeling of lightheadedness. Experimentation with marijuana is dangerous because studies show that 60% of people who smoke marijuana on a regular basis move on to try harder drugs soon after.(Lorimer 44) Marijuana tends to diminish the ambition and motivation in the user. In the long run, it may cause lung cancer and other respiratory problems. Cocaine is another popular, illegal, stre et drug. Cocaine is snorted or smoked as crack(a cheaper and, as a result ofShow MoreRelatedThe Creative Destruction Of Medicine1184 Words   |  5 Pageschronic diseases and Dr. Blaser explains the reasoning. The advancement of medicine and the increase use seems to be causing more harm than good in today’s society. Dr. Blaser discusses how the use of antibiotics and drugs to treat different illnesses may also be causing long-term effects on people’s lives. Dr. Blaser believes that our missing microbes may have something to do with main chronic diseases such as: allergies, asthma, cancers, diabetes, and obesity. These are the main diseases causing havocRead MorePavlov s Stimulus Substitution Theory994 Words   |  4 Pagesresponse as the unconditioned stimulus (US) therefore the CR and the unconditioned response (UR) were the same response (Chance, 2013). According to Chance (2013), Pavlov s explained his theory in terms of physiology, proposing an innate neural co nnection allows the US to elicit the UR. However, during conditioning involving repeated pairing of the CS and US, new neurological connections between the CS neurons and US neurons are established which causes the US and CS to both activate the same neuralRead MoreDrug Use And Its Effects On The Community1474 Words   |  6 PagesDrug use doe not only affect the users but also have a devastating effect on the wider community as a whole. This includes their friends, families, government resources and businesses. Economically, when the effects are quantified an estimated $180.9 billion is lost annually due to drug use as reported by ONDCP in 2002. Drug abusers experience several severe health effects ranging from ill-health, general sickness to death. Different drugs used by an individual has different health effects suchRead MoreEfficient Delivery Of Cancer1418 Words   |  6 Pages The efficient delivery of drugs and energy to tumors faces several difficulties and obstacles that need to be overcome for effective cancer treatment. Nanoparticles administrated through intravenous injections accumulate at a tumor site due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) eï ¬â‚¬ect, but only a small quantity of the injected particles can actually â€Å"reach the tumor† (Su et al, 2016). The majority of the nanoparticles interact with â€Å"cancer cells at the periphery of a tumor† whichRead MoreEssay about The Crack Cocaine Epidemic of the Mid 1980s1382 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Just Say No!† A statement that takes us deep into yet another decade in the history of the United States which was excited by controversies, social issues, and drug abuse. The topic of this statement is fueled by the growing abuse of cocaine in the mid 1980s. 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As it says in James Burkett s article, when you are in love, you experience loss of time, loss of control of your body and brain, and you gain the motivation to seek out this partner,Read MoreThe Effects Of Counterfeited Drugs On Pharmaceutical Companies1643 Words   |  7 Pages The Effect of Counterfeited Drugs on Pharmaceutical Companies The market for counterfeit pharmaceuticals has grown exponentially in the last five years. According to an estimate published by the Center for Medicine in the Public Interest in the USA, â€Å"Worldwide sales of counterfeit medicines could top US$ 75 billion this year, a 90% rise in five years† (WHO, 2010). This massive rise has greatly affected pharmaceutical companies and law enforcement agencies. The data exposing the effects the counterfeitRead MoreIs the Prohibition of Drugs Useful or Not? Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome aware of drug prohibition. In fact, every country in the world has a form of drugs prohibition. However, national drug prohibition started in 1920s in the United States as a subgroup of national alcohol prohibition. In 1930 the congress of United States separated drugs from the alcohol prohibition law and created a new federal drug prohibition agency (Levine, 2002). Prohibition may be defined as the set of policies which ban all production, distribution and sale of drugs for non-medical use

Social Capital Free Essays

In recent decades, many social scientists have drawn attention to the importance of â€Å"social capital. † Social capital is meant to capture the value, economic and otherwise, that comes from social networks, through which people frequently interact with one another. But what if social capital ends up contributing to the rise of extreme movements, including fascism? It is well-established that individuals and societies can gain a great deal from civic institutions, such as parent-teacher associations, athletic leagues, churches and music clubs. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Capital or any similar topic only for you Order Now High levels of social capital have been associated with numerous social benefits, including improvements in health, promise-keeping, trust, altruism, compliance with the law, child welfare and individual happiness. Harvard University political scientist Robert Putnam has done a great deal to explore the beneficial effects of social capital. In his book â€Å"Bowling Alone,† he documented what he saw as its decline in the U. S. , connecting that decline with a wide range of social problems. Pointing to research by Putnam and others, many people have argued that the U. S. and other nations should make a sustained effort to measure and increase social capital, with particular attention to civic associations that help to generate it. At the same time, social capital can have a dark side. If people are in a social network whose members are interested in committing crimes, the existence of social capital will promote criminal activity. A fascinating recent study called â€Å"Bowling for Fascism† goes much further: It shows that the rise of Nazism was greatly facilitated by unusually high levels of social capital in Weimar Germany. The research offers an important and novel perspective on Adolf Hitler’s ascension to power. And by identifying conditions that help to spread extremism, it also offers significant lessons for the present, including the risk of terrorism. The study, conducted by New York University’s Shanker Satyanath and his co-authors, is based on a wide range of original materials, including Nazi Party membership lists and hand-collected data from 112 German towns. The central question: Who was most likely to join the Nazi Party? In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Germany had an exceptionally vibrant civil society that included clubs involved in hiking, animal breeding, shooting, gymnastics, bowling, fire fighting and singing. The authors’ principal finding is that in cities with dense networks of clubs and associations, Germans were far more likely to join the Nazi Party. In their words, â€Å"a dense fabric of civic associations went hand-in-hand with a more rapid rise of Nazi party membership. † It could be suggested that some independent factor, such as socioeconomic status or religion, accounts both for associational activity and for willingness to join the Nazi Party. But that suggestion is inconsistent with the evidence. Even if we control for these and other variables, a dense network of civic associations is correlated with significantly higher rates of entry into the Nazi Party. This finding undermines the view, held by some, that the Nazi Party succeeded by appealing to people who were socially isolated and that Hitler was able to draw support largely from the lonely and the rootless. But this evidence strongly suggests otherwise. Nazism spread in part as a result of face-to-face interactions by people who were in frequent contact with one another. Consider the chilling remarks of a Nazi Party member who recalled his growing acquaintance â€Å"with a colleague of my own age with whom I had frequent conversations. He was a calm, quiet person whom I esteemed very highly. When I found out that he was one of the local leaders of the National Socialist party, my opinion of it as a group of criminals changed completely. † The authors’ central findings fit well with emerging research on the immense importance of social influences on individual behavior. With respect to music, political convictions, voting and food, we constantly learn from others. Like-minded people tend to go to extremes, in large part because they learn from each other. Within nations and around the world, modern social media connect disparate people and hence build social capital, intensifying social influences on thought and behavior. For the current period, there is a straightforward lesson. Individuals and nations generally benefit from large numbers of private associations, including sports clubs, religious groups and parent-teacher associations. But in some nations, dense social networks also increase people’s vulnerability to extremism. A great deal of work suggests that terrorism itself can arise not because people are isolated, poor or badly educated, but because they are part of tightly knit networks in which hateful ideas travel quickly. No one should doubt that private associations are desirable and valuable, and that they can produce a dazzling range of social goods, including checks on the power of government. But Satyanath and his co-authors reveal another possibility: that such associations can facilitate the spread of extremism, ultimately laying the groundwork for serious challenges to democracy itself. How to cite Social Capital, Papers

History Of Punk Rock Essay Example For Students

History Of Punk Rock Essay Did you know that the first commercially successful punk band was the Sex Pistols? Then came groups like Black Flag, Husker Du, and Bad Brains. Punk was invented in Britain in the mid Seventies. The first American punk started in a New York club called CBGBs. CBGBs would attract a crowd of about 500 with its Sunday-afternoon hard-core matinees. The concerts would be over by a reasonable time so kids could get home to eat dinner with their parents. In this paper we will take a look at some history and aspects of punk rock over the years. Slam Dancing Slam dancing has been popular through the history of punk. You may have heard of called mashing or stage diving. Mashing is just a big game of bumper cars like you played when you were a kid. I think Natalie Jacobson who is dating the lead singer of Murphys Law describes stage diving best when says, Its like diving into a human carpet. Something like the old kids trust game. Just my way of getting into it. Gospel people got their thing, I got mine.1 Politics Some punks consider themselves Nazis, or are concerned with issues like peace, racism, and nuclear war. Most punk is against parental, musical, and political authorities. On the other hand some isnt. Bob Mould of Husker Du talks about politics quite frequently in his songs. I dont write about politics because Im not an expert. Some bands find it very necessary to claim theyre politically relevant when in actuality they dont know shit about politics. Not informing people is much better than misinforming people. Were sort of like reporters in a way. Reporters of our own mental state. Reporters of the state of the air. Consciousness. Of the day. We make personal statements.2 Friends Most punks that live in small towns have trouble making friends. They find it hard to relate to most people. Sixteen- year-old Becca Levine finds it hard to make friends in her small town. She comes from a family of divorced parents that never have understood her. Her mother thinks its just a phase shes going through. As Becca Quotes, Parents around here treat me like Im kind of weird.3 She has met someone from New York City that understands her. She meets with him at concerts at clubs like the Ritz or CBGBs. She met someone else also. Someone about 20 minutes away from her hometown who wrote an ad in a national magazine looking for someone to associate with that would understand him. He got a lot of responses, but when he saw the letter from Becca he called her right up. They met for the first time at a Hard-Core show in New York City. But still no one in her hometown understands her. Fitting in with the New York hard-core scene is one of her goals. Clothing Punk has its very own unique style. Although punk sports hard edges, bright colors, shaved heads, leather jackets, Mohawks, and  army boots. You cant really tell if a person is a punk by the way they dress or do their hair. Wanda Draper, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the University of Oklahoma says, We need to look at their reactions and responses to what goes on around them in everyday life. When we know that this is a fad-that it is an effort to be a part of the group-we can usually relax.4 Development of Punk Through the years some punk has had influences from country to the Grateful Dead. Some of this may not even be punk at all. Take Rancids song Time Bomb off their latest album, And Out Come the Wolves5 for instance. It is their rendition of Reggae. Most punk groups dont make much money at all. Once in a while a punk group will hit it big time but that is very rare. .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b , .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .postImageUrl , .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b , .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b:hover , .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b:visited , .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b:active { border:0!important; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b:active , .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7d36021cb90639518006ef8dc7bd094b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History of the Roman Empire EssayPaul Westerbert, lead singer of the Replacements quotes, We are the hungriest band Ive ever seen. We get in the van and drive to a town, play, stay at a friends house. Wake up when they throw us out. Drive the rest of the day. Play the next night. We get fifteen dollars a day. And when were home, we dont get nothing. Were way in debt. We own a van, it breaks down, and you know when you play that the gig money goes to pay for the broken- down van. Were used to it.6 Relation Punk is also related to Hard-Core and Ska. Hard-Core is usually heavier and more upbeat the regular punk. Ska is punk with some trumpets or saxophones playing along. Punk Is Still Going Strong Drugs, rock star egos, and in some cases death ruined the development of punk bands back around 1980 like the Sex Pistols, Black Flag, and The Germs. It made a recent comeback in the early nineties. Julia Sazbo quotes, Music lovers will argue that it all started in early 1993 when Rhino Records came out with D.I.Y. Do It Yourself, a nine-volume aural history of punk. They came tours by the Ramones, the Stranglers, and Television.7 Believe it or not. Punk has been and still is surviving mostly on minor labels.